Commandment Breakers in the Kingdom of Heaven?
Mat 5:19 "So whoever breaks one of these smallest commandments and teaches others to do so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whoever shall keep and teach them shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven."
This is an extraordinary verse because in the first part, Christ says that people who disobey small commandments (entole, meaning "orders," "command," or "rules," not nomos, meaning "customs," "tradition," or the "law") will be considered insignificant in the kingdom of heaven. Christ does not say that these people will be condemned for their transgressions, even though they teach others to copy them.
Like so much of what Christ says, this statement is challenging. The Greek word trnslated as "called" is kaleo, which means "to summon", "to call [by name]" or "to name." Is Christ saying that they will be named as insignificant by those who are in domain of God while the transfressors are not? Or is he saying that the transgressors will have the least stature of anyone in the kingdom of heaven, meaning that they too are among those in the kingdom of heaven?
I think the confusion arises from our idea that "the kingdom of God" refers to to the afterlife. As we have said before, the kingdom of heaven (basileia ouranos, literally, the dominion of the universe or universal) is never described by Christ as the afterlife. When Christ talks about the after life, he talk about the time when people have risen from the dead. The kingdom of heaven is something else. Christ spends a lot of time describing it, mostly as a process which will change the world, creating the basis for the separation of the good and evil at the end of that process. The kingdom of heave, for example, is like a field in which weeds are allowed to grow with the grain. It is a net that gathers up both good fish and bad fish. In other words, bad people are never excluded from the process. They are part of it. The power of God came into the world with Christ, creating this new kingdom where universal rules are recognized.
In that light, Christ's words make much more sense here. Among those who are part of the growing dominion of God, people will recognize that people who break small commandments and (and teach others that this is okay) are small people. One the other hand, those who keep and teach the commandments are the great people.
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